Internet of Energy: Research Roadmap

The Internet of Energy (IoE) is the future ICT-enabled energy infrastructure. IoE will enable trade of energy between actors of virtually any size: from households to enterprises. Automation based on the Internet of Things technologies is the major enabler of peer to peer collaboration in IoE. Future automation systems will be built from intelligent collaborating machines capable of configuring their behaviour without central controller. We explore this vision in several research directions outlined below.

Fig.1 ICT roadmap of the Internet of Energy

Design Architectures for IoE Systems

Synergy of Internet of Things and Internet of Energy brings the potential of integrating more distributed generation and renewables in a cost-effective way, enabling peer-to-peer trading of energy, e.g. electricity and heat. Key enablers, such are novel intelligent power electronic devices like FREEDM EnergyHub, need to be enhanced with proper ICT infrastructure.

G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, V. Dubinin, “Towards industrially usable agent technology for Smart Grid automation”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(4), 2015

P. Vrba, V. Mařík, P. Leitão, G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, P. Siano, C. Cecati, T. Strasser, “A Review of Agent and Service-oriented Concepts applied to Intelligent Energy Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(3), 2014

P. Vrba, V. Mařík, P. Leitão, G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, P. Siano, C. Cecati, T. Strasser, „A Review of Architectures and Concepts for Intelligence in Future Electric Energy Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(4), 2015, p. 2424-2438

G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, “Decision making for industrial agents in Smart Grid applications”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics IECON 2014, Dallas, October 30 – Nov 1, 2014

V. Vyatkin, G. Zhabelova, N. Higgins, M. Ulieru, K. Schwarz, N. Nair, “Standards-enabled Smart Grid for the Future EnergyWeb”, The 1st IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, January 19-21, 2010

Automation Functions achieved by Peer to peer collaboration

We are interested to demonstrate that multi-agent automation architectures can achieve such functions as:

Intelligent Energy Management
Intelligent Fault Management
Intelligent collaborating energy storage

A. Mousavi, V. Vyatkin, “Energy Efficient Agent Function Block: A semantic agent approach to IEC 61499 function blocks in energy efficient building automation systems ”, Automation in Construction, Elsevier, Volume 54, June 2015, Pages 127–142

S. Patil, V. Vyatkin, B. McMillin, “Implementation of FREEDM Smart Grid distributed load balancing using IEC 61499 Function Blocks”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, IECON’13, Vienna, Austria, November, 2013

C.-W. Yang, J. Yan, V. Vyatkin, “Towards Implementation of Plug-and-Play and Distributed SCADA HMI for the FREEDM System with IEC61499”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, IECON’13, Vienna, Austria, November, 2013

G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, Z. Zhang, M.-Y. Chow, “Agent-based distributed consensus algorithm for decentralized economic dispatch in Smart Grid”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, IECON’13, Vienna, Austria, November, 2013

Design processes for Internet of Energy

We believe that software development and maintenance effort in IoE can be reduced on account of applying automated program generation and artificial intelligence techniques.

C.-W. Yang, G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin , “SysGRID: IEC 61850 and IEC 61499 Standard Based Engineering Tool for Smart Grid Automation Design”, EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web, 2015, vol.3

C.-W. Yang, V. Vyatkin, A. Mousavi, V. Dubinin, “On Automatic Generation of IEC61850/IEC61499 Substation Automation Systems Enabled by Ontology”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics (IECON 2014), Dallas, October 30 – Nov 1, 2014

Standards and Industrial Adoption

The gap between industrial practice and advanced research results can be overcome by adopting best practices and advanced standards.

N. Etherden, V. Vyatkin, M. H. J. Bollen, “Virtual Power Plant for Grid Services using IEC 61850”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TII.2015.2414354

T. Strasser, F. Andren,V. Vyatkin, G. Zhabelova, C-W. Yang, “Ein Standard-basierter Automatisierungsansatz für Smart Grid Komponenten: Analyse der Domänen-Standards IEC 61850 und IEC 61499 für Energieapplikationen”, SPS/IPC/Drives Kongress 2013, Nuremburg, November, ISBN 978-3-8007-3464-1

G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, “Multiagent Smart Grid Automation Architecture Based on IEC 61850/61499 Intelligent Logical Nodes”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2012, 59(5), Page(s): 2351 – 2362

N. Higgins, V. Vyatkin, N. Nair and K. Schwarz, “Distributed Power System Automation With IEC 61850, IEC 61499, and Intelligent Control“, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, 41(1), 2011, pp.81-92

How to validate IoE systems?

Simulation environments for automation systems validation, optimisation, impact assessment.

C.-H. Yang, V. Vyatkin, G. Zhabelova, C-W. Yang, “Co-Simulation Environment for Distributed Controls in SmartGrid”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2013, 9(3), 1423 – 1435

S. Patil, G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, B. McMillin, “Towards formal verification of Smart Grid Distributed Intelligence: FREEDM case“, International Annual conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Yokohama, November, 2015, under review

G. Zhabelova, S. Patil, J. Yan, C.-W. Yang, A. Shalyto, V. Vyatkin “Cyber-Physical Components for Heterogeneous Modelling, Validation and Implementation of Smart Grid Intelligence”, IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics INDIN’2014, Porto-Allegre, Brazil, July 27-30, 2014

Optimisations and Markets

Modelling and simulation of energy prosumers’ markets, implementation of software agents representing energy prosumers.

Kilkki, O., Kangasrääsiö, A., Nikkilä, R., Alahäivälä, A., Seilonen, I., Koskinen, K. “Agent-based modeling and simulation of frequency control and communication in Smart Grid“, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 33(2014)91–98

Kilkki, O., Alahäivälä, A., Seilonen, I. “Optimized Control of Price-Based Demand Response with Electric Storage Space Heating“, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 11(1), 2015

Properties of IoE systems

M. Hurkala, H. Nikula, S. Sierla, T. Karhela, B. O’Halloran, V. Vyatkin, “Evaluation of electric grid automation under flood hazards”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, IECON’13, Vienna, Austria, November, 2013

M. Degefa, A. Alahäivälä, O. Kilkki, I. Seilonen, V. Vyatkin, M. Lehtonen, “MAS-based Active Network Model for State Estimation and Beyond”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, accepted, 2016

S. Sierla, M. Hurkala, K. Charitoudi, C.-W. Yang, V. Vyatkin “Security risk analysis for smart grid automation”, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Istanbul, June, 2014

Applications

Heating

K. Gulzar, S. Sierla, V. Vyatkin, N. Papakonstantinou, P. G. Flikkema, C.-W. Yang, “An auction-based smart district heating grid”, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Luxembourg, September, 2015, in print

Alahaivala, A., Kilkki, O., Degefa, M. Z., Seilonen, I., & Lehtonen, M. (2014, October). A virtual power plant for the aggregation of domestic heating load flexibility. In Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe), 2014 IEEE PES (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

E. Vesaoja, C.-W. Yang, H. Nikula, P. Flikkema, S. Sierla and T. Karhela: Hybrid Modeling and CoSimulation of District Heating Systems with Distributed Energy Resources, Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems at the IEEE CPSWeek 2014, Berlin, Germany, Apr 14-17, 2014.

Large data centres

We are investigating future datacentres in which:

Cooling and ventilation adaptable to computing load
Smart power supply and UPS
Datacentre can be a controllable electric load in SmartGrid
Impact of data centers on the electric grid

G. Zhabelova, A. Yavarian, V. Vyatkin and A. Huang, “Data center energy efficiency and power quality: an alternative approach with solid state transformer“, International Annual conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Yokohama, November, 2015, under review

A. Yavarian, G. Zhabelova, V. Vyatkin, “Data center power dynamics within the settings of regional power grid“, IEEE International conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation,Luxembourg, September, 2015, in print

A. Mousavi, Y. Berezovskaya, V. Vyatkin, “Towards Energy Smart Data Centers: Simulation of Server Room Cooling System”, IEEE International conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2015, Luxembourg, September, 2015, in print

A. Mousavi, V. Vyatkin, Y. Berezovskaya, X. Zhang, “Cyber-physical Design of Data Centers Cooling Systems Automation“, First International workshop on Distributed Intelligent Automation Systems at 13th IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications (IEEE ISPA’15), Helsinki, 2015

X. Zhang, T. Lindberg, K. Svensson, V. Vyatkin, A. Mousavi, ” Energy Consumption Modeling of Data Center IT Room with Distributed Air Flow“, 20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA’2015), September 8-11, 2015, Luxembourg

Lighting

E. Nefedov, M. Maksimainen, C.-W. Yang, P. Flikkema, S. A. Sierla, I. Kosonen, T. Luttinen: Energy efficient traffic-based street lighting automation, 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2014) Istanbul, Turkey, June 1-4, 2014.

R. Baniya, M. Maksimainen, S. Sierla, C. Pang, C.-W. Yang, V. Vyatkin, “Smart Indoor Lighting Control: Power, Illuminance, and Colour Quality”, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Istanbul, June, 2014

C. Pang, and V. Vyatkin, Y. Deng, M. Sorouri, “Virtual Smart Metering in Automation and Simulation of Energy-Efficient Lighting System”, IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA’2013, Cagliari, Italy, September, 2013

Energy efficient buildings

Internet of Things enabling smart energy efficient buildings: emergent intelligence from collaboration of smart rooms and devices
Comprehensive modelling and simulation environments for automated buildings
Interoperability of automation subsystems (cooling, ventilation, heating, security, fire alarm, etc.)